A comprehensive list of pronouns characterized by type

Pronouns are essential building blocks of the English language, serving as versatile substitutes for nouns or noun phrases. They help us communicate efficiently by avoiding repetition and adapting to various grammatical roles. Whether you’re identifying a person, asking a question, or emphasizing a point, pronouns play a key role in everyday speech and writing. This guide provides a detailed overview of pronouns, organized by type, to help you understand their forms and functions. For a deeper dive into why we use pronouns, click here. Below, you’ll find a comprehensive list of pronouns categorized for clarity and ease of reference.

Personal pronouns

• Subject pronouns
  • I, you, he, she, it, we, they
• Object pronouns
  • me, you, him, her, it, us, them
• Possessive pronouns
  • mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
• Possessive adjectives (determiners)
  • my, your, his, her, its, our, their

Reflexive pronouns

• myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

Demonstrative pronouns

• this, that, these, those

Interrogative pronouns

• who, whom, whose, which, what

Relative pronouns

• who, whom, whose, which, that
  • Note: “who” and “whom” refer to people; “which” for things or sometimes animals; “that” can refer to both people and things.

Indefinite pronouns

• Singular
  • anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing, somebody, someone, something, each, either, neither, one, another
• Plural
  • both, few, many, several, others
• Singular or plural (depending on context)
  • all, any, more, most, none, some

Reciprocal pronouns

• each other, one another

Archaic or less common pronouns

• thou, thee, thine (archaic forms of “you” in singular), ye (archaic plural of “you”)

Intensive pronouns

• These are actually the same as reflexive pronouns but are used for emphasis rather than to refer back to the subject:
  • myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

Pronoun-like words

• Pronominal adverbs
  • here, there, where, when, why, how (used in questions or to replace prepositional phrases)

Keep in mind

• Some pronouns can serve multiple functions (e.g., “who” can be interrogative, relative, or in some contexts, a personal pronoun in questions).
• The usage of pronouns can vary based on dialect, formality, and context, including changes in modern English usage (like the increasing acceptance of “they/them” as singular pronouns for gender neutrality).
• Pronouns like “it” can have multiple uses, including as a placeholder subject for impersonal constructions (e.g., “It is raining”).

In summary

This overview outlines the major categories of pronouns in English, including personal pronouns (e.g., “I,” “me,” “mine”), possessive forms (e.g., “my,” “yours”), reflexive and intensive pronouns (e.g., “myself,” “themselves”), demonstrative pronouns (e.g., “this,” “that”), interrogative pronouns (e.g., “who,” “what”), relative pronouns (e.g., “which,” “that”), indefinite pronouns (e.g., “anyone,” “everything”), reciprocal pronouns (e.g., “each other”), and even archaic forms (e.g., “thou”). It also touches on pronoun-like words, such as pronominal adverbs (e.g., “where,” “how”), and highlights nuances like the evolving use of “they/them” for gender neutrality and the multifunctional nature of certain pronouns like “it.” While this list captures the pronouns most commonly encountered, English continues to evolve, potentially introducing new forms or uses, particularly in the context of inclusivity.